Cosmetology

 

Cosmetology is the art and science beautifying the hair, nails, and skin. 

A cosmetologist is an expert in applying cosmetic procedures, therapies, and treatments to beautify one’s outer appearance., and implementing cosmetic treatments to people’s hair, skin, and nails. Specific disciplines in cosmetology include hairstyling (haircutting and coloring), esthetics (skin care), makeup application, nail care (manicures and pedicures), and other beauty treatments.

Skin lesions

A skin lesion refers to any skin area that has different characteristics from the surrounding skin, including color, shape, size, and texture. Skin lesions are very common and often appear as a result of a localized damage to the skin, like sunburns or contact dermatitis. Others, however, can be manifestations of underlying disorders, such as infections, diabetes, and autoimmune or genetic disorders. 

Although most skin lesions are benign and harmless, some of them can be malignant or premalignant, meaning they have the potential to evolve into skin cancer. 

Primary Lesions

Primary skin lesions are either present from birth or develop over your lifetime. They are associated with a specific cause or can be a reaction to either internal or external environments. They tend to be divided into three types of groups:

• Skin lesions formed by fluid within the skin layers, such as vesicles or pustules.
• Skin lesions that are solid, palpable masses, such as patches, papules or tumors (nodules, warts...).
• Flat, non-palpable skin lesions are called macula.

Types of skin

 

The skin

 

Facts about the skin

The skin is the body's largest organ. It covers the entire body. It serves as a protective shield against heat, light, injury, and infection. The skin also:

• Regulates body temperature

• Stores water and fat

• Is a sensory organ

• Prevents water loss

• Prevents entry of bacteria

• Acts as a barrier between the organism and its environment

• Helps to make vitamin D when exposed to the sun

Your skin takes on different thickness, color, and texture all over your body. For example, your head contains more hair follicles than anywhere else. But the soles of your feet have none. In addition, the soles of your feet and the palms of your hands are much thicker than skin on other areas of your body.

The skin is made up of 3 layers. Each layer has certain functions:

• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Subcutaneous fat layer (hypodermis)
• Subcutaneous fat layer (hypodermis)

Epidermis	The epidermis is the thin outer layer of the skin. It consists of 3 types of cells: Squamous cells. The outermost layer is continuously shed is called the stratum corneum. Basal cells. Basal cells are found just under the squamous cells, at the base of the epidermis. Melanocytes. Melanocytes are also found at the base of the epidermis and make melanin. This gives the skin its color.
Dermis	The dermis is the middle layer of the skin. The dermis contains the following: Blood vessels Lymph vessels Hair follicles Sweat glands Collagen bundles Fibroblasts Nerves Sebaceous glands The dermis is held together by a protein called collagen. This layer gives skin flexibility and strength. The dermis also contains pain and touch receptors.
Subcutaneous fat layer	The subcutaneous fat layer is the deepest layer of skin. It consists of a network of collagen and fat cells. It helps conserve the body's heat and protects the body from injury by acting as a shock absorber.

Vocabulary of Unit 4

Let's revise the vocabulary of Unit 4!

Present continous for arrangements

 

         Click the pencil to do the exercises

Present continuous